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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 67(1): 119-125, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420094

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: To validate the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (IR) as a surrogate to the hyperglycemic clamp to measure IR in both pubertal and postpubertal adolescents, and determine the HOMA-IR cutoff values for detecting IR in both pubertal stages. Subjects and methods: The study sample comprised 80 adolescents of both sexes (aged 10-18 years; 37 pubertal), in which IR was assessed with the HOMA-IR and the hyperglycemic clamp. Results: In the multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, and waist circumference, the HOMA-IR was independently and negatively associated with the clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index in both pubertal (unstandardized coefficient - B = −0.087, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.135 to −0.040) and postpubertal (B = −0.101, 95% CI, −0.145 to −0.058) adolescents. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the predicted insulin sensitivity index and measured clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index in both pubertal stages (mean = −0.00 for pubertal and postpubertal); all P > 0.05. The HOMA-IR showed a good discriminatory power for detecting IR with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.870 (95% CI, 0.718-0.957) in pubertal and 0.861 (95% CI, 0.721-0.947) in postpubertal adolescents; all P < 0.001. The optimal cutoff values of the HOMA-IR for detecting IR were > 3.22 (sensitivity, 85.7; 95% CI, 57.2-98.2; specificity, 82.6; 95% CI, 61.2-95.0) for pubertal and > 2.91 (sensitivity, 63.6; 95% CI, 30.8-89.1, specificity, 93.7; 95%CI, 79.2-99.2) for postpubertal adolescents. Conclusion: The threshold value of the HOMA-IR for identifying insulin resistance was > 3.22 for pubertal and > 2.91 for postpubertal adolescents.

2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 67(1): 64-72, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420095

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Herein, we compared ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) between young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase enzyme (21OHase) deficiency and a control group. Additionally, we analyzed correlations between the glucocorticoid dose and androgen levels and ABP parameters. Subjects and methods: This case-control study included 18 patients (6 males and 12 females) and 19 controls (8 males and 11 females) matched by age (18-31 years). ABP monitoring was used to estimate blood pressure (BP) over a 24-h period. Results: No difference was noted between patients and controls in terms of systolic BP (males, 115.5 ± 5.6 vs. 117.0 ± 9.3, P = 0.733; and females, 106.4 ± 7.9 vs. 108.4 ± 7.6, P = 0.556, respectively) and diastolic BP during 24 h (males, 62.8 ± 7.5 vs. 66.2 ± 5.6, P = 0.349; and females, 62.7 ± 4.9 vs. 62.3 ± 4.9, P = 0.818, respectively). Systolic and diastolic BP and pulse pressure during daytime and nocturnal periods were similar between patients and controls. Furthermore, no differences were detected in the percentage of load and impaired nocturnal dipping of systolic and diastolic BP between patients and controls during the 24-h period. Additionally, the glucocorticoid dose (varying between r = −0.24 to 0.13, P > 0.05) and androgens levels (varying between r = 0.01 to 0.14, P > 0.05) were not associated with ABP parameters. Conclusion: No signs of an elevated risk for hypertension were observed based on ABP monitoring in young adults with CAH attributed to 21OHase deficiency undergoing glucocorticoid replacement therapy.

3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 67(1): 101-110, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420102

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood. Materials and methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA. Association of pre-conception parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain (exposures) with body composition measurements (outcomes) were analyzed using multiple linear models adjusted for Directed Acyclic Graphs-based covariables (maternal and paternal educational level, maternal age, and tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs use). The sample included 124 women (median 28 (24-31) years) with a mean BMI of 25.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Results: No association between previous paternal BMI and offspring's body composition was detected. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, maternal BMI was associated with offspring's total lean mass (β = 0.66, p = 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (β = 0.11, p = 0.003) and fat mass index (FMI) (β = 0.03, p = 0.039). Gestational weight gain was associated with increased offspring's BMI (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.02-1.20], p = 0.01). The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age and maternal and paternal education levels showed associations of gestational weight gain with offspring's ASMI (β = 0.42, p = 0.046), FMI (β = 0.22, p = 0.005) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (β = 0.09, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preconception maternal BMI could influence lean mass and general adiposity of young adult female offspring and that gestational weight gain could be useful for predicting centrally distributed adiposity.

5.
HU rev ; 44(2): 261-268, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048062

ABSTRACT

A prevalência de obesidade e suas co-morbidades vem crescendo rapidamente no Brasil e no mundo, constituindo uma verdadeira pandemia com impactos sócio-econômicos importantes. O desenvolvimento de tratamentos efetivos na perda sustentada de peso, e com perfil de segurança adequado vem sendo buscado visando reduzir a obesidade e sua morbi-mortalidade. Com o recente advento de terapias baseadas em hormônios gastro-intestinais aliado à perspectiva futura de modulação segura da termogênese através da ativação do tecido adiposo marrom poderá ser possível ter um tratamento médico seguro e efetivo para a obesidade.


The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities has been growing rapidly in Brazil and the world, constituting a true pandemic with important socio-economic impacts. The development of effective treatments for sustained weight loss and adequate safety profile has been sought to reduce obesity and its morbidity and mortality. With the recent advent of gastrointestinal hormone-based therapies coupled with the future prospect of safe modulation of thermogenesis through the activation of brown adipose tissue it may be possible to have safe and effective medical treatment for obesity.


Subject(s)
Metabolic Syndrome , Obesity , Adipose Tissue, Brown , Insulin Resistance , Risk Factors , Morbidity , Drug Therapy , Hormones , Hypothalamus , Life Style
6.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(6): 623-627, Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038488

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The poor quality of sleep and the deprivation thereof have been associated with disruption of metabolic homeostasis, favoring the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the influence of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) surgery on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness of obese patients with T2DM, comparing them with two control groups consisting of obese and normal weight individuals, both normal glucose tolerant. Subjects and methods: Forty-two women were divided into three groups: LeanControl (n = 11), ObeseControl (n = 13), and ObeseT2DM (n = 18). The LeanC and ObeseC groups underwent all tests and evaluations once. The ObeseT2DM underwent BPD and were reassessed after 12 months. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were applied before and 12 months after BPD. Results: Before surgery, there was less daytime sleepiness in LeanC group (p = 0.013) compared with ObeseC and T2DMObese groups. The two obese groups did not differ regarding daytime sleepiness, demonstrating that the presence of T2DM had no influence on daytime sleepiness. After surgery, the daytime sleepiness (p = 0.002) and the sleep quality (p = 0.033) improved. The score for daytime sleepiness of operated T2DMObese group became similar to LeanC and lower than ObeseC (p = 0.047). Conclusion: BPD surgery has positively influenced daytime sleepiness and sleep quality of obese patients with T2DM, leading to normalization of daytime sleepiness 12 months after surgery. These results reinforce previously identified associations between sleep, obesity and T2DM in view of the importance of sleep in metabolic homeostasis, quality of life and health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Sleep Stages/physiology , Biliopancreatic Diversion , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Obesity/surgery , Case-Control Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Homeostasis , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology
7.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 29(4): 272-275, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837534

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a gastrointestinal hormone whose effects are predominantly trophic on the intestinal mucosa. Aim: Critically evaluate the current literature on the influence of bariatric/metabolic surgery on the levels of GLP-2 and its potential clinical implications. Method s: Narrative review through online research on the databases Medline and Lilacs. There were six prospective human studies, two cross-sectional human studies, and three experimental animal studies selected. Results: There is evidence demonstrating significant increase in the levels of GLP-2 following gastric bypass, Scopinaro operation, and sleeve gastrectomy. There are no differences between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in regards to the increase in the GLP-2 levels. There is no correlation between the postoperative levels of GLP-2 and the occurrence of adequate or insufficient postoperative weight loss. Conclusion: GLP-2 plays significant roles on the regulation of nutrient absorption, permeability of gut mucosa, control of bone resorption, and regulation of satiety. The overall impact of these effects potentially exerts a significant adaptive or compensatory effect within the context of varied bariatric surgical techniques.


RESUMO Introdução: O peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon-2 (GLP-2) é hormônio gastrointestinal com efeitos predominantemente tróficos sobre a mucosa intestinal. Objetivo: Avaliar criticamente a literatura atual a respeito da cirurgia bariátrica/metabólica sobre os níveis de GLP-2 e suas potenciais implicações clínicas. Métodos: Revisão narrativa realizada através de pesquisa on-line nas bases de dados Medline e LILACS. Foram selecionados seis estudos prospectivos em humanos, dois transversais em humanos e três experimentais em animais. Resultados: Existem evidências demonstrando aumento significativo nos níveis de GLP-2 após o bypass gástrico, a operação de Scopinaro e a gastrectomia vertical. Não foram observadas diferenças entre o bypass gástrico e a gastrectomia vertical em relação ao aumento do GLP-2. Não há correlação entre os níveis de GLP-2 e a ocorrência de perda de peso pós-operatória adequada ou insuficiente. Conclusão: O GLP-2 desempenha importantes papel sobre a regulação da absorção de nutrientes, permeabilidade da mucosa intestinal, controle da reabsorção óssea e regulação da saciedade. O impacto combinado destes efeitos potencialmente exerce efeito adaptativo ou compensatório importante no contexto das diferentes técnicas bariátricas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Bariatric Surgery , Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/physiology , Gastric Bypass
8.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 29(4): 257-259, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837546

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The role of gut hormones in glucose homeostasis and weight loss achievement and maintenance after bariatric surgery appears to be a key point in the understanding of the beneficial effects observed following these procedures. Aim: To determine whether there is a correlation between the pre and postoperative levels of both GLP-1 and GLP-2 and the excess weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods: An exploratory prospective study which enrolled 11 individuals who underwent RYGB and were followed-up for 12 months. GLP-1 and GLP-2 after standard meal tolerance test (MTT) were determined before and after surgery and then correlated with the percentage of excess loss (%EWL). Results: GLP-2 AUC presented a significant postoperative increase (945.3±449.1 vs.1787.9±602.7; p=0.0037); GLP-1 AUC presented a non-significant trend towards increase after RYGB (709.6±320.4 vs. 1026.5±714.3; p=0.3808). Mean %EWL was 66.7±12.2%. There was not any significant correlation between both the pre and postoperative GLP-1 AUCs and GLP-2 AUCs and the %EWL achieved after one year. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the pre and postoperative levels of the areas under the GLP-1 and GLP-2 curves with the percentage of weight loss reached after one year.


RESUMO Racional: O papel de hormônios gastrointestinais sobre a homeostase glicêmica e a obtenção e manutenção da perda de peso após a cirurgia bariátrica parece ser elemento fundamental na compreensão dos benefícios observados após estes procedimentos. Objetivo: Determinar se há correlação entre os níveis pré e pós-operatórios de GLP-1 e GLP-2 com a perda do excesso de peso após o bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo exploratório que envolveu 11 indivíduos submetidos ao bypass gástrico, acompanhados por 12 meses. Os níveis GLP-1 e GLP-2 após um teste de refeição padrão foram determinados antes e 12 meses após a operação e então foram correlacionados com o percentual de perda do excesso de peso. Resultados: Houve aumento significativo da área sob a curva do GLP-2 após a operação (945,3±449,1 vs. 1787,9±602,7; p=0,0037); a área sob a curva do GLP-1 apresentou tendência não-significativa à elevação após o procedimento (709,6±320,4 vs. 1026,5±714,3; p=0,3808). O percentual médio de perda de peso foi 66,7±12,2%. Conclusão: Não houve nenhuma correlação significativa entre os níveis pré e pós-operatórios das áreas sob as curvas de GLP-1 e GLP-2 com o percentual de perda de peso atingido após um ano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Gastric Bypass , Weight Loss , Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/blood , Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/blood , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Preoperative Period
9.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(7): 709-714, 10/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-726259

ABSTRACT

Objective Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation. Studies associated RBP4 increased levels with severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR). The study aimed to quantify RBP4 serum standards in women with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) and glucose tolerance level. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study was performed with 139 women divided into three groups: Group 1 (lean-control, n = 45) and Group 2 (obese, n = 53) with normal glucose tolerance and group 3 (obese with T2DM, n = 41), called G1, G2 and G3. Were assessed clinical, biochemical, anthropometric and body composition parameters. Results According to data analysis, we obtained in G1 higher RBP4 levels (104.8 ± 76.8 ng/mL) when compared to G2 (87.9 ± 38 ng/mL) and G3 (72.2 ± 15.6 ng/mL) levels. Also, were found: in G1 positive correlations of RBP4 with BMI (r = 0.253), glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.378) and fasting insulin (r = 0.336); in G2 with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.489); in G3 with glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.330), fasting glucose (r = 0.463), HOMA-IR (r = 0.481). Conclusions Although RBP4 have shown lower levels in diabetic and obese, a strong correlation with HOMA-IR index highlights that, in our study, there is growing IR when there is an increasing in RBP4 levels. .


Objetivo A proteína carreadora do retinol 4 (RBP4) é uma adipocina responsável pelo transporte de vitamina A (retinol). Estudos associam os níveis aumentados de RBP4 com a gravidade do diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) e resistência à insulina (RI). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como esses níveis se comportam em mulheres com ampla variação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e tolerância à glicose. Sujeitos e métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 139 mulheres, divididas em três grupos: Grupo 1 (controles-magras; n = 45) e Grupo 2 (obesas; n = 53), com tolerância normal à glicose; Grupo 3 (obesas DM2; n = 41), denominados G1, G2 e G3. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos, bioquímicos, antropométricos e composição corporal. Resultados De acordo com a análise dos dados, obtivemos em G1 maiores níveis de RBP4 (104,8 ± 76,8 ng/mL) em comparação ao G2 (87,9 ± 38 ng/mL) e G3 (72,2 ± 15,6 ng/mL). Também foram encontradas correlações positivas entre RBP4 e IMC (r = 0,253), hemoglobina glicada (r = 0,378) e insulinemia de jejum (r = 0,336); em G2 com hemoglobina glicada (r = 0,489); G3 com hemoglobina glicada (r = 0,330), insulinemia de jejum (r = 0,463) e HOMA-IR (r = 0,481). Conclusões Embora a RBP4 tenha apresentado níveis menores em pacientes diabéticas e obesas, a forte correlação com o índice HOMA-IR deixa claro que, em nosso estudo, há crescente RI quando os níveis dessa proteína também são crescentes. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Obesity/metabolism , Retinol-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Cross-Sectional Studies , /blood , Glucose Tolerance Test , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Insulin/blood
10.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 32(2): 221-229, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718517

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the correlation between neck circumference and insulin resistance and components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents with different adiposity levels and pubertal stages, as well as to determine the usefulness of neck circumference to predict insulin resistance in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 388 adolescents of both genders from ten to 19 years old. The adolescents underwent anthropometric and body composition assessment, including neck and waist circumferences, and biochemical evaluation. The pubertal stage was obtained by self-assessment, and the blood pressure, by auscultation. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance. The correlation between two variables was evaluated by partial correlation coefficient adjusted for the percentage of body fat and pubertal stage. The performance of neck circumference to identify insulin resistance was tested by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. RESULTS: After the adjustment for percentage body fat and pubertal stage, neck circumference correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides and markers of insulin resistance in both genders. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the neck circumference is a useful tool for the detection of insulin resistance and changes in the indicators of metabolic syndrome in adolescents. The easiness of application and low cost of this measure may allow its use in Public Health services...


Evaluar la correlación de la circunferencia del cuello con resistencia a la insulina y con los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes con distintos niveles de adiposidad y estadios puberales, así como determinar la utilidad de la circunferencia del cuello como un parámetro en la predicción de resistencia a la insulina en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en el que se evaluó a 388 adolescentes de ambos sexos, de los 10 a los 19 años. Los adolescentes fueron sometidos a evaluación antropométrica y de composición corporal, incluyendo circunferencias del cuello y de la cintura, y la evaluación bioquímica. El estadio puberal se obtuvo mediante autoevaluación y la presión arterial, por el método de ausculta. Se evaluó la resistencia a la insulina por el Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistence. La correlación entre dos variables fue evaluada con el coeficiente de corrrelación parcial ajustado para el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el estadio puberal. El desempeño de la circunferencia del cuello para identificar resistencia a la insulina fue evaluado por la Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve y se consideró p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Después del ajuste para el porcentaje de grasa corporal y estadio puberal, la circunferencia del cuello se correlacionó con la circunferencia de la cintura, presión arterial, triglicéridos y marcadores de resistencia a la insulina en ambos sexos. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados demostraron que la circunferencia del cuello es una herramienta útil para detectar la resistencia a la insulina y la alteración en los indicadores de síndrome metabólico en adolescentes. La facilidad de aplicación y el bajo costo pueden hacer su uso viable en servicios de Salud Pública...


Avaliar a correlação da circunferência do pescoço com resistência à insulina e com os componentes da síndrome metabólica em adolescentes com diferentes níveis de adiposidade e estadios puberais, bem como determinar a utilidade da circunferência do pescoço como um parâmetro na predição de resistência à insulina em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal no qual se avaliaram 388 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de dez a 19 anos. Os adolescentes foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica e de composição corporal, incluindo circunferências do pescoço e da cintura, e a avaliação bioquímica. O estadio puberal foi obtido por meio de autoavaliação e a pressão arterial, pelo método auscultatório. Analisou-se a resistência à insulina pelo Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance. A correlação entre duas variáveis foi verificada com o coeficiente de correlação parcial ajustado para o percentual de gordura corporal e o estadio puberal. O desempenho da circunferência do pescoço para identificar resistência à insulina foi testado pela Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. RESULTADOS: Após ajuste para o percentual de gordura corporal e estadio puberal, a circunferência do pescoço correlacionou-se com circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial, triglicérides e marcadores de resistência à insulina em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram que a circunferência do pescoço é uma ferramenta útil para detectar a resistência à insulina e a alteração nos indicadores de síndrome metabólica em adolescentes. A facilidade de aplicação e o baixo custo podem viabilizar sua utilização...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adiposity , Anthropometry/methods , Insulin Resistance , Metabolic Syndrome
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(8): 632-635, Nov. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-696903

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether glugagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) secretion relates to insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty four obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) 40.0 ± 3.0 kg/m² (mean ± standard deviation)] were included, nine of which were male, age 43 ± 8 years. Twelve subjects had type 2 diabetes, all treated with oral anti-diabetic agents only. The subjects were submitted to standard meal tolerance test (MTT) for dosage of the curves: glucose, insulin, and GLP-2. Insulin sensitivity was measured by HOMA-IR, and OGIS was derived from the MTT. Spearman linear correlations and partial correlations were obtained. RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between the GLP-2 secretion and IS: HOMA-IR correlated with GLP-2 AUC (R = 0.504; p = 0.012), and OGIS correlated with GLP-2 incremental AUC (R = -0.54; p = 0.054). The correlation persisted after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSION: We found an association of GLP-2 secretion and insulin resistance (IR). The understanding of the underlying mechanisms may provide future directions in the pharmacological manipulation of incretins, and in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi determinar a relação entre a secreção de glugagon like peptide 2 (GLP-2) e a sensibilidade insulínica (SI) em indivíduos obesos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro indivíduos obesos [IMC 40.0 ± 3.0 kg/m² (média ± desvio-padrão)] foram incluídos no estudo, sendo 9 homens, com idade de 43 ± 8 anos. Do total, 12 indivíduos tinham diabetes tipo 2, todos tratados somente com antidiabéticos orais. Os sujeitos foram submetidos ao teste de refeição padrão (MTT) para dosagens das curvas: glicose, insulina e GLP-2. A sensibilidade insulínica foi mensurada pelos HOMA-IR e OGIS, obtidos pelos valores do MTT. As correlações lineares e correlações parciais foram obtidas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma relação inversa entre a secreção de GLP-2 e SI: HOMA-IR correlacionou-se com GLP-2 AUC (R = 0,504; p = 0,012) e OGIS correlacionou-se com GLP-2 incremental AUC (R = -0,54; p = 0,054). A correlação persistiu controlando o IMC. CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos uma associação entre a secreção de GLP-2 e a resistência insulínica. A compreensão desses mecanismos poderá direcionar o futuro farmacológico da manipulação de incretinas no tratamento da obesidade e das desordens metabólicas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Area Under Curve , Blood Glucose/analysis , Glucose Tolerance Test/methods , Insulin/blood , Pilot Projects , Statistics, Nonparametric
13.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 95(1): e14-e23, jul. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-554505

ABSTRACT

Alguns estudos têm analisado a eficiência de indicadores antropométricos em predizer resistência à insulina (RI), por serem mais econômicos e acessíveis. Neste estudo, objetivou-se discutir sobre as medidas e índices antropométricos que têm sido associados à RI. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases Scielo, Science Direct e Pubmed. Dentre os estudos analisados, perímetro da cintura e diâmetro abdominal sagital apresentaram melhor capacidade preditiva para RI, com resultados mais consistentes. As relações cintura/coxa, cintura/estatura, pescoço/coxa, o índice de conicidade e o índice sagital demonstraram resultados positivos, contudo mais estudos são necessários para consolidá-los como preditores de RI. Os resultados obtidos com o uso do índice de massa corporal e da relação cintura/quadril foram mais inconsistentes. Sugere-se a realização de estudos avaliando o desempenho desses indicadores em predizer RI na população brasileira, pois resultados de estudos feitos com outras populações muitas vezes não são aplicáveis à nossa, devido às diferenças étnicas resultantes da grande miscigenação no País.


Some studies have analyzed the efficacy of anthropometric indicators in predicting insulin resistance (IR), for they are more economic and accessible. In this study, the objective was to discuss the measures and anthropometric indices that have been associated with IR. A bibliographic review was done, based on Scielo, Science Direct and Pubmed. Among these studies, waist and sagittal abdominal diameter presented better predictive capacity for IR, with more consistent results. The waist-to-thigh, waist-to-size, neck-to-thigh ratios, the conicity and the sagittal index have showed positive results; nevertheless, more studies are necessary to consolidate them as predictors to IR. The obtained results, with the use of body mass index and of the waist-to-hip ratio, were inconsistent. In the Brazilian population, the realization of studies evaluating the performance of these indicators in predicting IR is suggested, since the results of the studies conducted in other populations are not always applicable to ours, due to ethnical differences resulting from the great miscegenation in the country.


Subject(s)
Humans , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Insulin Resistance , Body Mass Index , Intra-Abdominal Fat/anatomy & histology , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference , Waist-Hip Ratio
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 93(5)nov. 2009. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536209

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A correlação entre aumento de gordura visceral e de resistência à insulina coloca o diâmetro abdominal sagital e o perímetro da cintura como instrumentos potenciais para a predição de resistência à insulina. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade de diferentes aferições do diâmetro abdominal sagital e do perímetro da cintura e analisar o poder discriminante dos mesmos para predizer resistência à insulina. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 190 homens adultos. O diâmetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura, maior diâmetro abdominal, nível umbilical e ponto médio entre as cristas ilíacas) e o perímetro da cintura (nível umbilical, menor cintura, imediatamente acima da crista ilíaca e ponto médio entre a crista ilíaca e a última costela) foram aferidos em quatro locais diferentes. A resistência à insulina foi avaliada pelo índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADOS: Todas as medidas apresentaram correlação intraclasse de 0,986-0,999. Tanto o diâmetro abdominal sagital aferido na menor cintura (r=0,482 e AUC=0,739±0,049) como o perímetro da cintura aferido no ponto médio entre a última costela e a crista ilíaca (r=0,464 e AUC=0,746±0,05) apresentaram maiores correlações com o HOMA-IR, bem como um melhor poder discriminante para o HOMA-IR segundo a análise ROC (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O diâmetro abdominal sagital e o perímetro da cintura mostraram-se altamente reprodutíveis. O diâmetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura) e o perímetro da cintura (ponto médio crista ilíaca e última costela) apresentaram melhor desempenho em predizer o HOMA-IR. Investigações em outros grupos da população brasileira devem ser realizadas para viabilizar a utilização desses indicadores de resistência à insulina na população como um todo de forma padronizada.


BACKGROUND: The correlation between the increase in visceral fat and insulin resistance makes the sagittal abdominal diameter and the waist perimeter as potential tools for the prediction of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility of different measurements of the sagittal abdominal diameter and the waist perimeter and analyze the discriminating power of the measurements when predicting insulin resistance. METHODS: A total of 190 adult males were studied. The sagittal abdominal diameter (smallest girth, larger abdominal diameter, umbilical level and midpoint between the iliac crests) and the waist perimeter (umbilical level, smallest girth, immediately above the iliac crest and midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib) were measured at four different sites. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. RESULTS: All measurements presented an intraclass correlation of 0.986-0.999. The sagittal abdominal diameter measured at the smallest girth (r=0.482 and AUC=0.739±0.049) and the waist perimeter measured at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest (r=0.464 and AUC=0.746±0.05) presented the highest correlations with the HOMA-IR and the best discriminating power for HOMA-IR according to the ROC analysis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The sagittal abdominal diameter and waist perimeter showed to be highly reproducible and the sagittal abdominal diameter (smallest girth) and waist perimeter (midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib) presented the best performance when predicting HOMA-IR. Further studies in other groups of the Brazilian population must be carried out to allow the use of these indicators of insulin resistance in the population as a whole, following standardized procedures.


FUNDAMENTO: La correlación entre aumento de la grasa visceral y de la resistencia a la insulina pone el diámetro abdominal sagital y el perímetro de la cintura como los instrumentos potenciales para la predicción de resistencia a la insulina. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la reproductibilidad de distintas mediciones del diámetro abdominal sagital y del perímetro de la cintura y analizar el poder discriminante de las mismas para predecir resistencia a la insulina. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron a 190 varones adultos. El diámetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura, mayor diámetro abdominal, nivel umbilical y punto promedio entre las crestas ilíacas) y el perímetro de la cintura (nivel umbilical, menor cintura, inmediatamente superior a la cresta ilíaca y punto promedio entre la cresta ilíaca y la última costilla) se calcularon en cuatro locales diferentes. La resistencia a la insulina se evaluó por el índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADOS: Todas las mediciones presentaron correlación intraclase de 0,986-0,999. Tanto el diámetro abdominal sagital calculado en la menor cintura (r=0,482 y AUC=0,739±0,049) como el perímetro de la cintura calculado en el punto promedio entre la última costilla y la cresta ilíaca (r=0,464 e AUC=0,746±0,05) presentaron mayores correlaciones con el HOMA-IR, así como un mejor poder discriminante para el HOMA-IR según el análisis ROC (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: El diámetro abdominal sagital y el perímetro de la cintura se evidenciaron altamente reproductibles. El diámetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura) y el perímetro de la cintura (punto promedio la cresta ilíaca y última costilla) presentaron mejor desempeño en predecir el HOMA-IR. Investigaciones en otros grupos de la población brasileña se deben realizar para viabilizar la utilización de estos indicadores de resistencia a la insulina en la población como un todo de forma estandarizada.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Abdominal Fat/anatomy & histology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Waist Circumference/physiology , Anthropometry/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Young Adult
16.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(2): 281-287, Mar. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513783

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cut-off values for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR to identify insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS), and to assess the association of the indexes with components of the MS. METHODS: Nondiabetic subjects from the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study were studied (n = 1,203, 18 to 78 years). The cut-off values for IR were determined from the 90th percentile in the healthy group (n = 297) and, for MS, a ROC curve was generated for the total sample. RESULTS: In the healthy group, HOMA-IR indexes were associated with central obesity, triglycerides and total cholesterol (p < 0.001). The cut-off values for IR were: HOMA1-IR > 2.7 and HOMA2-IR > 1.8; and, for MS were: HOMA1-IR > 2.3 (sensitivity: 76.8 percent; specificity: 66.7 percent) and HOMA2-IR > 1.4 (sensitivity: 79.2 percent; specificity: 61.2 percent). CONCLUSION: The cut-off values identified for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR indexes have a clinical and epidemiological application for identifying IR and MS in Westernized admixtured multi-ethnic populations.


OBJETIVO: Determinar pontos de corte para os índices HOMA1-IR e HOMA2-IR na identificação de resistência à insulina (RI) e síndrome metabólica (SM), além de investigar a associação de ambos os índices com os componentes da SM. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados indivíduos não diabéticos (n = 1.203, 18 a 78 anos) participantes do Estudo Brasileiro de Síndrome Metabólica. Os pontos de corte para RI foram determinados com base no percentil 90 do grupo saudável (n = 297) e, para SM, foi construída uma curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) para toda a amostra. RESULTADOS: No grupo saudável, os índices HOMA-IR associaram-se à obesidade central, aos triglicérides e ao colesterol total (p < 0,001). Os pontos de corte para RI foram: HOMA1-IR > 2,7 e HOMA2-IR > 1,8; e, para SM, foram: HOMA1-IR > 2,3 (sensibilidade: 76,8 por cento; especificidade: 66,7 por cento) e HOMA2-IR > 1,4 (sensibilidade: 79,2 por cento; especificidade: 61,2 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Os pontos de corte identificados para os índices HOMA1-IR e HOMA2-IR possuem aplicação clínica e epidemiológica na identificação de RI e SM em populações miscigenadas multiétnicas ocidentalizadas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Homeostasis/physiology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Obesity, Abdominal/diagnosis , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Obesity, Abdominal/metabolism , Reference Values , ROC Curve , Young Adult
17.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(2): 293-300, Mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513785

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between adiponectin and metabolic parameters in severely obese women during surgical-induced weight loss. METHODS: Nineteen lean (CT - BMI:21.2 ± 0.3 kg.m²), 14 overweight/class II obese (OB/OW - BMI: 29.7 ± 0.7 kg/m²) and 8 morbidly obese (OBIII - BMI: 56.4 ± 3.6 kg/m²) were evaluated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, adiponectin, and lipids. OBIII were evaluated at 5th and 16th month post-operatively. RESULTS: Compared to lean, obese groups had lower adiponectin (OB/OW: 9.4 ± 0.9, OBIII: 7.1 ± 1.3 versus 12.2 ± 0.9 ng/dL; p < 0.01), lower HDL-cholesterol (OB/OW:1.05 ± 0.05, OBIII: 0.88 ± 0.04 versus 1.22 ± 0.07 mmol/L; p < 0.01) and insulin resistance-IR (glucose uptake, M-value - OB/OW: 43.6 ± 2.7, OBIII: 32.4 ± 3.2 versus 20.0 ± 1.8 umol/kgFFM.min; p < 0.001). Considering all subjects, adiponectin levels were inversely correlated to BMI and waist circumference, and directly to M-value and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.01). During weight loss, improvements in IR (Study III: 36.1 ± 3.9 umol/kg/FFM.min, p < 0.0001), adiponectin (11.8 ± 1.4 ng/dL, p = 0.006) and HDL-cholesterol were observed (1.10 ± 0.04 mmol/L, p = 0.007). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol improvement was significantly and independently related to variations of adiponectin and BMI (r² = 0.86; p < 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: The improvements of IR and adiponectin were related to surgical-induced weight loss, suggesting an important role of adiponectin in HDL-cholesterol regulation.


OBJETIVO: Identificar a relação entre adiponectina e parâmetros metabólicos em mulheres obesas mórbidas durante o emagrecimento por bypass gástrico. MÉTODOS: Dezenove magras (CT - IMC: 21,2 ± 0,3 kg/m²), 14 com sobrepeso/obesidade classe II (OB/OW - IMC: 29,7 ± 0,7 kg/m²) e oito obesas classe III (OBIII - IMC:56,4 ± 3,6 kg/m²) foram avaliadas pelo clamp euglicêmico-hiperinsulinêmico, adiponectina e lípides. OBIII submeteram-se aos mesmos testes no quinto e décimo-sexto mês pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: comparados a CT, os grupos obesos tiveram menor adiponectinemia (OB/OW: 9,4 ± 0,9, OBIII: 7,1 ± 1,3 versus 12,2 ± 0,9 ng/dL; p < 0,01), menor HDL-colesterol (OB/OW: 1,05 ± 0,05, OBIII: 0,88 ± 0,04 versus 1,22 ± 0,07 mmol/L; p < 0,01) e resistência insulínica - RI (captação de glicose, M - OB/OW:43,6 ± 2,7, OBIII:32,4 ± 3,2 versus 20,0 ± 1,8 umol/kgFFM.min; p < 0,001). Analisando todos os voluntários: adiponectina correlacionou-se negativamente com IMC, circunferência da cintura e positivamente ao M-clamp e HDL-colesterol (p < 0,01). No emagrecimento, houve melhora da RI (Estudo III:36,1 ± 3,9 umol/kgFFM.min, p < 0,0001), adiponectina (11,8 ± 1,4 ng/dL, p = 0,006) e HDL-colesterol (1,10 ± 0,04 mmol/L, p = 0,007). Aumentos do HDL-colesterol foram significativa e independentemente relacionados às variações da adiponectina e IMC (r² = 0,86; p < 0,0002). CONCLUSÕES: A melhora da RI e adiponectina no emagrecimento induzido por bypass gástrico sugerem um importante papel da adiponectina na regulação do HDL-colesterol.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adiponectin/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Insulin/blood , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Biomarkers/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gastric Bypass , Glucose Clamp Technique , Metabolic Syndrome/surgery , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Statistics, Nonparametric , Thinness/blood , Weight Loss/physiology
18.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(1): 72-79, fev. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509868

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a habilidade de indicadores antropométricos e de composição corporal em identificar a resistência à insulina (RI), determinando-se os pontos de corte para os que apresentarem melhor eficácia. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 138 homens. Determinou-se: perímetro da cintura (PC), diâmetro abdominal sagital (DAS), índice de conicidade (IC), índice de massa corporal (IMC), percentual de gordura corporal ( por centoGC), índice sagital (IS) e relações cintura-estatura (RCE), cintura-quadril (RCQ) e cintura-coxa (RCCoxa). A RI foi avaliada pelo HOMA-IR. Utilizou-se análise de correlação e análise ROC, com determinação das áreas abaixo da curva (AUC). RESULTADOS: O DAS (r = 0,482; AUC = 0,746) e o PC (r = 0,464; AUC = 0,739) apresentaram correlações mais fortes com o HOMA-IR e maior poder discriminante para RI (p < 0,001), sendo seus melhores pontos de corte 89,3 cm e 20,0 cm, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os indicadores de obesidade central, o PC e o DAS demonstraram maior habilidade em identificar RI em homens. Encoraja-se a realização de estudos com mulheres e idosos na busca dos melhores pontos de corte para toda a população.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of anthropometric and body composition indicators in identifying insulin resistance (IR), determining cut-off points for those showing the best efficacy. METHOD: 138 men were evaluated. Waist perimeter (WP), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), conicity index, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent, sagittal index, and the waist-to-height, waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratios were determined. IR was assessed by the HOMA-IR index. Statistical analysis consisted of Spearman correlation coefficient and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, calculating the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: SAD (r=0.482, AUC=0.746) and WP (r=0.464, AUC=0.739) showed stronger correlations with the HOMA-IR and greater ability to identify IR (p<0.001), being 89.3 cm and 20.0 cm the best cut-offs, respectively. CONCLUSION: The anthropometric indicators of central obesity, WP and SAD, have shown greater ability to identify IR in men. We encourage studies in women and elderly people in search of the best cut-off points for the entire population.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Body Composition/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Homeostasis/physiology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , ROC Curve , Waist Circumference , Young Adult
19.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(3): 342-346, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520187

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Investigar a habilidade de indicadores bioquímicos do perfil lipídico plasmático em identificar resistência à insulina (RI), avaliada pelo índice HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 138 homens saudáveis (20-59 anos). Analisaram-se os seguintes indicadores bioquímicos do perfil lipídico: triglicérides (TG), colesterol total (CT), HDL-C, LDL-C, e as relações CT/HDL-C e TG/HDL-C. Considerou-se o percentil 75 como ponto de corte para o índice HOMA-IR. A análise estatística constou do cálculo do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e da construção de curvas ROC, com o cálculo das áreas abaixo da curva (AUC). RESULTADOS: A relação TG/HDL-C (r = 0.334 e AUC = 0.724 ± 0.046 p<0.001) apresentou a correlação mais forte e a maior AUC, respectivamente, seguida do HDL-C (r = -0,313 e AUC = 0,716 ± 0.052, p<0.01), dos TG (r = 0.261 e AUC = 0.674 ± 0,048; p<0,01) e da relação CT/HDL-C (r = 0.259 e AUC = 0.655 ± 0.05, p<0.01). O CT e o LDL-C não apresentaram resultados estatísticos significantes (p > 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A relação TG/HDL-C apresentou melhor habilidade em identificar RI, representando um instrumento alternativo e de fácil acesso para a avaliação da RI na prática clínica, proporcionando intervenções de caráter preventivo de doenças na população do sexo masculino.


PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of biochemical indicators from the plasmatic lipid profile to identify the insulin resistance (IR), assessed by the HOMA-IR index (Homeostasis Model Assessment -Insulin Resistance). METHODS: 138 healthy men (20-59 years) were evaluated. The lipid profile biochemical indicators analyzed were the following: triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios. The percentile 75 was considered as the cut-off point for IR. Statistical analysis consisted of Spearman correlation coefficient, ROC curves and calculation of the areas under the curve (AUC). RESULT: The TG/HDL-C ratio showed the strongest correlation and the greatest AUC (r = 0.334 and AUC = 0.724 ± 0.046, p < 0.001) respectively, followed by the HDL-C (r = -0.313 and AUC = 0.716 ± 0.052, p < 0.01), the TG (r = 0.261 and AUC = 0.048 ± 0.674, p < 0.01) and CT/HDL-C ratio (r = 0.259 and AUC = 0.655 ± 0.05, p < 0.01). Results for TC and LDL-C showed no statistical significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The TG/HDL-C ratio showed the greatest ability to identify IR, proved to be an alternative and easy access instrument to assess IR in clinical practice, therefore providing diseases prevention for the adult male population.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Lipids/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Triglycerides/blood , Young Adult
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